What is the difference between ic4 and nc 4

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They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools. Share article. A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control August Baojun Bai Jia Zhou Mingfei Yin Polymer gels have been designed and successfully applied to improve sweep efficiency and to reduce excessive water production by minimizing reservoir heterogeneity.

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Stay informed Register your interest and receive email alerts tailored to your needs. Sign up below. Use of the simplified Fick's law for intra-cryst. Simulations of fixed zeolite bed reactors are performed to demonstrate the significant differences in the productivity predicted by the M-S and Fick models for intra-cryst. Elsevier B. The sepn. Use of membranes with microporous layers of zeolites, metal-org. In view of the extremely wide variety of available microporous structures, there is a need for a systematic screening of potential candidates in order to obtain the best permeation selectivities, Sperm.

The permeation selectivity is a product of the adsorption selectivity, Sads, and the diffusion selectivity, Sdiff, i. For maximizing Sperm, we need to choose materials for which Sads and Sdiff complement each other. Dynamics MD simulations of diffusivities for three binary mixts. Sads, Sdiff, and Sperm. These simulation results provide insights into the influence of pore size, pore topol. In particular, we emphasize the important role of correlations in the diffusion behaviors within microporous materials.

Furthermore, we have constructed Robeson plots for each of the sepns. Theory IAST for mixt. For MFI membranes, the tardier species slows-down the more mobile partners due to correlated mol. A careful anal. The first type of coupling occurs when the less-mobile species slows down its more mobile partner by not vacating an adsorption site quick enough for its more mobile partner to occupy that position.

Such slowing-down effects, also termed correlation effects, are quantified by the exchange coeff. In cage-type structures e. On the other hand correlations are particularly strong in structures consisting of one-dimensional channels e. NiMOF , or intersecting channels e. A wide variety of exptl. The second type of coupling occurs as a consequence of mol. Such clustering effects, commonly prevalent in alc. When mol. The Maxwell-Stefan M-S "frictional" formulation has been used to develop a unified description of mixt.

Explicit analytic expressions are derived for detg. Simplified expressions are derived for two limiting scenarios: negligible friction and dominant friction; these scenarios help to det. The developed model is used to analyze a wide variety of published exptl. In each case, the influence of friction is analyzed.

In cases such as pervaporation across polymer membranes, the frictional contribution is found to be extremely significant. The design and development of many emerging sepn. This article presents a unified, phenomenol. With the aid of extensive data sets of mol. Maxwell-Stefan diffusion formulation. This understanding helps one to explain and describe a variety of exptl. Also a mol.

Diffusion in Porous Crystalline Materials. The design and development of many sepn. This tutorial review presents a unified, phenomenol. The characteristics and phys. The effect of adsorption thermodn. In mixt. The need for proper modeling of correlation effects using the Maxwell-Stefan formulation is stressed with the aid of examples of membrane sepns. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. Elsevier Inc. The efficacy of nanoporous cryst. The Maxwell-Stefan M-S equations provide a fundamental and convenient description of mixt.

The M-S formulation highlights two sep. By careful and detailed analyses of a variety of published exptl. Situations are also identified in which either of the coupling effects can be ignored.

Correlation effects cause slowing-down of more-mobile-less-strongly-adsorbed mols. Overshoots in the transient uptake of the more mobile partners in single crystals are essentially the consequence of thermodn. In the case of transient breakthrough of hexane isomers in a fixed bed of MFI zeolite, we show that thermodn.

This work developed a fundamental basis to describe the loading dependence of M-S diffusivities. Using ideal adsorbed soln. Configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations of unary adsorption isotherms were used to calc. M-S diffusivity, ETHi, of either constituent in binary mixts. Maxwell-Stefan modeling of slowing-down effects in mixed gas permeation across porous membranes.

Micro- and meso-porous materials such as zeolites, metal-org. For process development and design purposes the Maxwell-Stefan M-S equations are widely used for modeling mixed gas permeation. In the M-S formulation there are two types of diffusivities: a Di, that characterize species i-wall interactions in the broadest sense and b exchange coeffs. Dij that reflect how the facility for transport of species i correlates with that of species j.

Such correlations have the effect of slowing-down the more mobile partner species in the mixts. In many cases the Di corresponds to the value of the pure component i; consequently these can be estd. The Dij, on the other hand are not directly accessible from exptl. The major objective of this communication is to stress the importance of proper estn. The required data on pure component adsorption isotherms are obtained from configurational-bias Monte Carlo CBMC simulations.

The M-S diffusivities are detd. The studies show that the permeation selectivities are crucially dependent on the proper modeling of the correlation effects.

Increased upstream feed pressures lead to significant enhancement in permeation selectivities; this enhancement is directly traceable to the increase of the correlation effects with increased loadings. Use of some commonly used approaches, suggested in the published literature, lead to severe underestimation of permeation selectivities.

When the loading of iC4 in the mixt. Snapshots obtained from mol. In sharp contrast, both exptl. B , , — , DOI: Schuring, D. With the tracer-exchange positron emission profiling TEX-PEP technique, the reexchange process of radioactively labeled mols. When the exptl. As one can choose which component to label, this technique is ideally suited for studying multicomponent diffusion.

The measurements were performed at different ratios of n-hexane and 2-methylpentane in the gas phase at a const. A slight preference for the adsorption of n-hexane was found because it is entropically more favorable to adsorb these mols. The diffusivity of the slowly moving 2-methylpentane is not strongly affected by the presence of the fast moving n-hexane. This is caused by the fact that the branched alkanes are preferentially sited in the intersections between the straight and zigzag channels of silicalite and therefore effectively block the zeolite pore network.

These results show that the adsorptive properties of the components and the structure of the zeolite network play an important role in the behavior of multicomponent mixts.

Monte Carlo simulations of self- and transport-diffusivities of 2-methylhexane in silicalite. The hopping rates of 2MH along the straight and zig-zag channels were chosen based on the calcns. The self-diffusivity tensor was found to exhibit anisotropy and strongly dependent on the occupancy or loading.

The degree of anisotropy of the self-diffusivity tensor decreases with loading, a hitherto unreported result. The loading dependence is shown to be due to correlation effects. Such correlation effects, do not however influence the behavior of the transport-diffusivity which exhibits a predictable Langmuirian dependence on loading.

Diffusion of binary mixtures in zeolites: Kinetic Monte Carlo versus molecular dynamics simulations.